Serotonin's role in panic attacks

The neurotransmitter serotonin is primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Imbalances in serotonin levels can significantly impact how the brain responds to stress, potentially triggering panic attacks. Other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also play important roles in anxiety and panic disorders. People with panic disorder often experience sudden and intense episodes of fear, known as panic attacks. These can include symptoms like rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and a feeling of impending doom. Diagnosis typically involves ruling out other medical conditions and may include assessments of serotonin levels.

Serotonin Affects Panic Disorder and Mood Regulation Serotonin helps regulate mood and anxiety levels. Low levels of serotonin are often associated with increased anxiety and mood disorders, including panic disorder. The amygdala, a part of the brain involved in processing fear, is influenced by serotonin levels. Dysregulation in serotonin can lead to an exaggerated fear response, which is a hallmark of panic attacks.

Current Treatment Many treatments for panic disorder, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. This helps to stabilize mood and reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks.

Complex Symptoms and Diagnosis

The complex nature of the symptoms that are involved in panic disorders suggests that several brain regions may be implicated in this pathology. Some of these neural structures and their possible connections are presented in Figure below. One of the main regions involved in panic attack is the dorsal portion of the periaqueductal gray (dPAG), a phylogenetically older brain structure that is located in the mesencephalon. Electrical stimulation of the dPAG in humans can produce symptoms that are very similar to panic attacks, such as feelings of terror and imminent death, accompanied by increased heart rate and diffuse pain in the face and chest.

Ref: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/48428

Natural Serotonin For those who are averse to SSRIs, there are natural alternatives. These vitamins, herbs and trace minerals can help increase the production of serotonin, often referred to as the “happy hormone” due to its role in mood regulation. Here are some essential nutrients and supplements that can boost serotonin levels:

Vitamins

• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Essential for the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin.

• Vitamin B9 (Folate): Supports the production of neurotransmitters, including serotonin.

• Vitamin D: Helps neurons produce serotonin.

Herbs

• St. John’s Wort: Contains compounds that increase serotonin levels and is often used to treat mild to moderate depression.

• Panax Ginseng: Known for its ability to enhance overall well-being and increase serotonin levels.

• Turmeric: Contains curcumin, which can boost serotonin and dopamine levels3.

• Trace Minerals Magnesium: Plays a role in serotonin production and can help alleviate symptoms of depression.

• Zinc: Important for brain function and has been linked to improved mood and serotonin production.

• Selenium: Supports overall brain health and serotonin production.f its side effects.

Food Rich In Trytophan Tryptophan is an amino acid that is a precursor to serotonin. Consuming foods high in tryptophan can help boost serotonin levels:

Eggs: Rich in tryptophan and other nutrients that support serotonin production6.

Cheese: Another good source of tryptophan6.

Salmon: High in tryptophan and omega-3 fatty acids, which support brain health6.

Nuts and seeds: Provide tryptophan and other essential nutrients6.

Incorporating these vitamins, herbs, and trace minerals into your diet can help support serotonin production and improve overall mood and well-being. If you’re considering supplements, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure they’re appropriate for your specific needs.

Research Insights

Recent studies have shown that abnormalities in serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT1A receptor, may predispose individuals to panic disorder. This receptor plays a key role in the regulation of mood and anxiety, and its dysfunction can contribute to the development of panic attacks.

At 360 Wellness Hub we take on an holistic approach towards the treatment of panic attacks using personalised supplements that mimics the effects of SSRI benefits without many o